Category - Training

“Correct” Steering STILL Smeared By Misinformation

I updated an article a few days ago which explained the changes made at least a year ago to the DSA’s internal guidance document (DT1). I explained that they had added a paragraph telling their examiners that if a candidate “cross[ed] their hands” or “[didn’t hold] the wheel at ten to two or quarter to three”  they should not be marked down with faults.

I explained that this was not a change, but an addition – a clarification for its own examiners.

I also think I explained clearly enough that Driving: The Essential Skills (TES) had never previously stated that using the pull-push method was the only acceptable way to steer, nor had it ever implied that you would fail your test if you steered in a different way. It simply presented the method as an ideal one – which, when you consider the vast majority of learners, it is.

The implication that you would fail your test for not using pull-push has previously been the domain of the instructor-who-thinks-he-knows-it-all (of which there are many), and the examiner who is doing his job wrong (of which there were very few, but a sufficient number nonetheless to keep the former group going with its misinformation).

So it was amusing to read – yet again – that TES has apparently “dropped all reference on how to steer” and the implication that DT1 has changed completely to suddenly allow other methods of steering. Neither TES or DT1 have done any such thing.

Let me state again that for as long as I can remember, not using the pull-push steering method on test has NOT been marked as a fault. There MAY have been some examiners (quite possibly failed instructors who jumped ship, and who carried the misinformation with them) who saw it as such, but THAT is what the DSA was addressing when it added clarification to its internal DT1 document. And the removal of pull-push as a recommended method in TES is a lamentable move, since many instructors appear to be interpreting it as a statement that you SHOULDN’T use pull-push in vindication of their pre-held negative views about anything the DSA “tells” them to do.

It’s possible that TES has been altered partly in readiness for the official introduction of “coaching” to driver training. Coaching – and the equivalent euphemism, “client centered learning” (CCL) – is misunderstood by most instructors, which obviously means they all consider themselves experts in the subject.

In actual fact – and as the DSA itself points out – CCL is “intended to build on your existing skills” should be “integrate[d] into your existing teaching”. It simply includes “new” subjects that provide the material for learners to drive safely and responsibly (e.g. issues surrounding driver fatigue and the use of alcohol or drugs). For some of us, I doubt that it will add too much that is genuinely new. The new syllabus is aimed at those who literally “only teach people to drive”

But going back to steering, I mentioned in the previously updated article that a good footballer can pWooden Chinese Puzzlelay “keepy-up” for hours on end – but he seldom has any cause to do it when he is playing a match. However, the skills required to play “keepy-up” are his bread and butter, and without them he would not be a player of a very high standard. Oh, he could thrash his way around the field, and use his muscles and brawn to pole-axe opponents, but that would simply be a mask to hide his lack of proper skill.

The same is true of steering. Being able to pull-push requires very specific coordination skills, and possessing those skills means you are in better overall control.

When I get absolute beginners, nearly all of them cannot steer at all to begin with. Initial attempts are met with us going very wide or too tight around bends and corners. When I explain pull-push, and get them to try it using my diary as a pretend steering wheel, many of them can’t initially get the hand movements synched. But once they get it – and I mean, just ONCE – they have the key and can apply it to their steering. It’s exactly like those wooden Chinese puzzles that you have to take apart and reassemble – initially, you don’t know what to do, but once you know the first move the rest follows.

I’m seeing a lot of the “experts” in CCL suggesting that when a new learner gets in the car they should be allowed to work out how to steer for themselves!

This is absolute rubbish. If you do that, the learner is likely to hit the kerb (and on either side of the road), veer towards other vehicles (parked or moving), or even towards pedestrians (including children). It is no wonder you get the chavvy boy-racers flinging their cars on to roundabouts, around bends, and everywhere else if they’ve had teachers like that.

The correct application of CCL in the case of steering would be to explain the basics maybe using pull-push as a model, make sure they can use pull-push at least haltingly by practising, and then allow a degree or two of freedom (hand-over-hand, one-handed, etc.) as long as acceptable control is maintained.

After all, you don’t teach children to swim by pushing them in at the deep end and standing back. It seems these CCL “experts” would do just that, though.

How An ADI Describes The Clutch

Originally posted in 2009, updated periodically.

A: No clutch — B: Clutch pedal fully down — C: Clutch pedal fully up

I noticed the search term ‘adi clutch explained’ used to find the blog.

In my lesson plans I have various drawings I can use to explain parts of the car and driving. This is the one I use when I’m explaining the clutch on the Controls lesson.

Basically, in diagram A (if there was no clutch), as soon as the engine starts (and the car is in gear) the drive shaft starts trying to turn the wheels. This would either make the car move forward or make it to stall if it was still in gear and you tried to stop it with the brakes.

In diagram B (with the clutch pedal fully down), the drive shaft is broken and each end of it has a clutch plate – which can be thought of as being like two flat discs coated in hard-wearing material. The actual construction of a real clutch is far more complex, but this simplification still holds true. With the clutch pedal is pushed down, the two plates are pulled apart so that the engine is effectively disconnected from the gearbox and wheels. The plate connected to the engine (in orange) is spinning at several hundred rpm when idling (I point out the rev counter at this stage), but the one connected to the gearbox/wheels (green) is either stationary, or only driven by the movement of the car’s wheels.

In diagram C (clutch pedal fully up), the two plates are forced hard together as if there was no break in the drive shaft at all.

I then explain that if the clutch is lifted gently, the point where the plates just begin to touch is called ‘the bite point ‘, and that this is the secret to controlled driving. At the bite point, some of the energy from the engine is transferred to the wheels. How much is transferred depends on how much the plates are touching, and with good control you can inch forward on an upward slope, roll back, and even hold it dead still without stalling. If you can hold it still, you can literally do anything – it is ultimately the Secret to Driving. I demonstrate this with no gas and then get them to do it, moving off in the process (also with no gas) – it gets them involved quickly instead of just listening to an hour of lecturing. When we then look at moving off and stopping properly, they see how much more robust it is with gas.

I have an exercise where I get them driving up a fairly steep hill in a quiet estate near me, then take their foot off the gas and depress the clutch until the car rolls to a stop, then quickly find the gas/bite to hold it stationary on the hill without stalling. After a bit of practice they can do it without any rollback at all.

It’s amazing the effect this has on people who stall a lot. If I believe what pupils who have taken lessons before tell me, not many of them have had this explained in any detail (a pupil once told me they just had to pick it up from driving around).

One piece of advice: don’t be an anorak and try to explain the detailed workings of a genuine clutch. You’ll confuse most of your pupils rather than impress them.

Learner Kills Mother In Freak Accident

Automatic Stick ShiftThis came through in the feeds [dead link], and tells how a 15-year old learner killed her mother by running over her twice.

It isn’t from a reputable news source and details are initially sketchy – until you look at one of the links, which reveals that it happened in Kentucky, USA. The mother, Kimberly Riggs, was conducting a lesson in a church car park. She was outside the vehicle with the door open when the car suddenly lurched forward. She was knocked down by the door, and the car left the church car park – but then it turned round, went through a fence and backyard of someone’s house, reversed into the car park again, did a 180 degree spin, and pinned the mother to a fence. The mother had apparently been chasing the car at the time. She died in hospital later.

It raises quite a few questions. But taking it at face value to eliminate some of the possibilities (conspiracy theories) both sources hint at, the main questions in my mind concern allowing people of such a young age to drive cars, and the dangers of automatic transmission in such cases.

I’ve heard some weird comments recently from ADIs in the UK extolling the virtues of automatics. Kimberly Riggs almost certainly wouldn’t have been killed if the car had been a manual transmission. It would probably have just stalled – if not in the first instance, at some point during its odd path out of, and back into, the car park.

Automatics may be easier to learn in. But dumbing down the learning-to-drive process unnecessarily makes little sense when you hear a story like this one.

As I mentioned recently, learning in an automatic car is the only way some people are ever going to have hope of gaining a full driving licence. Those with certain disabilities are obviously included. But there is no way that any of that makes learning in an auto a “better” choice for the majority of drivers.

The original source also raises the valid point about why someone whose control of the car was apparently so poor was left inside alone in the first place.

EDIT: The story has now appeared in the next days’ Daily Mail.

And Some Other Nice News…

A nice feeling inside smileyI’ve mentioned her in one or two other posts over the last couple of years, but I used to have a pupil who was not a natural driver by any stretch of the imagination. Even after close to 100 hours she could not control the clutch, and anything other than a detailed talk through by me (and not always then) was likely to lead to her braking without de-clutching – especially if the lights ahead of us changed suddenly. This problem carried across into all aspects of her driving – it took months of hard work to get her to be able to do a turn in the road, and the other manoeuvres were even worse.

I’d tried to persuade her to learn in an automatic many times, but she had bought a car and was insistent that she wanted to learn in a manual. I felt terrible that it was taking her so long, and I told her so.

But one day early last year (in fact, it may even have been late 2010) she let it slip that she’d sold her car, so I started off at her again about auto lessons. This time I enlisted her son to help convince her, and she gave in. I organised an automatic instructor for her.

I remember her first auto lesson – she phoned me and said “It’s great. At traffic lights I just have to brake and then let go to move off again”. I replied, “Yes, I know. That’s what you used to do in the manual, which was why we had all the problems!”

She’s always stayed in touch – either to tell me that she’d failed her test, or to have a moan about her instructor. In return, I’ve always geed her up to keep at it; not to give up.

The other day I got a call and she could barely talk (and I ought to point out that her texts sent this week are almost as incoherent). She’d passed on her 7th attempt.

What touched me was that she was so grateful to me, even though our last lesson was in January 2011! It gives you a warm glow inside. I just wish some of the younger ones who you really do feel like you’ve gone out on a limb for were just half as grateful.

Finland Relaxes Learning To Drive Rules

Flag of FinlandThis story in a Finnish news journal caught my eye – initially because the translated title is ambiguous, saying “Anyone can teach driving a car”.

In fact, the story gets more interesting when you realise that at the moment, driving schools and family members are the only ones who can teach people to drive in Finland. Parents are not even allowed to teach their own kids if they’re not living at the same address.

However, from January next year this is going to change. In theory, anyone will be allowed to teach learners to drive – but police will decide who to award teaching permits to.

The change is actually a common sense one. The family restriction must be hellishly difficult for people in many cases, and it doesn’t really alter the quality of instruction the learner receives. The supervising driver – the Finnish source calls them “instructors”, which is another translation ambiguity – must have held a licence for 3 years, use a training vehicle with secondary brakes fitted, and have passed a special test. The permit granted will last for 9 months (which it does at present).

Even this is far more stringent than what we have in the UK.

The Finnish system will also require that every learner take special training with a proper driving school. The article also implies that more hours will be required, but it doesn’t go into any detail.

What a shame UK politician haven’t got the balls to introduce something even close to this.

DSA Advice: Overtaking

Another DSA advice email from the Highway Code that I missed. This one is about overtaking:

Rule 168

Being overtaken. If a driver is trying to overtake you, maintain a steady course and speed, slowing down if necessary to let the vehicle pass. Never obstruct drivers who wish to pass. Speeding up or driving unpredictably while someone is overtaking you is dangerous. Drop back to maintain a two-second gap if someone overtakes and pulls into the gap in front of you.

Rule 169

Do not hold up a long queue of traffic, especially if you are driving a large or slow-moving vehicle. Check your mirrors frequently, and if necessary, pull in where it is safe and let traffic pass.

Read all the rules about overtaking (162-169)

 

DSA Advice: Road Junctions

One I missed. The DSA has some advice about road junctions from the Highway Code:

Rule 170

Take extra care at junctions. You should

  • watch out for cyclists, motorcyclists, powered wheelchairs/mobility scooters and pedestrians as they are not always easy to see. Be aware that they may not have seen or heard you if you are approaching from behind
  • watch out for pedestrians crossing a road into which you are turning. If they have started to cross they have priority, so give way
  • watch out for long vehicles which may be turning at a junction ahead; they may have to use the whole width of the road to make the turn
  • watch out for horse riders who may take a different line on the road from that which you would expect
  • not assume, when waiting at a junction, that a vehicle coming from the right and signalling left will actually turn. Wait and make sure
  • look all around before emerging. Do not cross or join a road until there is a gap large enough for you to do so safely.

Effective observations are a vital skill new drivers need to develop.

DSA Advice: Rules For Pedestrians

An email alert with Highway Code advice from the DSA for pedestrians:

Rule 22

Pelican crossings. These are signal-controlled crossings operated by pedestrians. Push the control button to activate the traffic signals. When the red figure shows, do not cross. When a steady green figure shows, check the traffic has stopped then cross with care. When the green figure begins to flash you should not start to cross. If you have already started you should have time to finish crossing safely.

Rule 23

Puffin crossings differ from pelican crossings as the red and green figures are above the control box on your side of the road and there is no flashing green figure phase. Press the button and wait for the green figure to show.

From my own experience, drivers should be on the lookout for people who totally ignore crossings and just walk out – often with their heads buried in their mobiles. It’s a growing problem.

Aussie Driving Test Changes Proposed

This story says that changes are proposed to the Australian driving test. A couple of comments in the story caught my eye.

It proposes fewer chances for error, and recommends focus on manoeuvres such as right-hand turns and merging, which carry a much higher crash risk than things like reverse parks.

Why do people always seem to think that only things likely to directly involve accidents should be tested? Being able to carry out basic exercises and routines is a way of testing car control and manoeuvring skills – both of which are building blocks for driving safely.

Personally, I think the only people who have it in for reverse parking are those who find it difficult themselves. And advocating dropping it is their insidious way of trying to dumb down the test (that applies whatever country we’re talking about).

Under the changes, drivers are permitted to exceed the speed limit by up to 4km/h on three occasions before being automatically failed.

Mr Emerson said he would seek public feedback on the review, which represented the first significant overhaul of the driving test in 14 years.

What precisely do they think “the public” will say? This is a “public” that wants to go faster, and which can’t reverse park properly in the first place! In any case, if an idea is that good it doesn’t need “the public” to agree to it. After all, they wouldn’t consult the public about cutting speed limits, so why consult them about effectively increasing the limit – unless they already have doubts about it?

Ask the “man in the street” over here, and you’d immediately be talking to “the best driver in the world” (in his own opinion). He’d have all kinds of suggestions for “improving” the test, most of which would be utter rubbish if heard by anyone who knew what they were talking about. However, ministers and the media would take them seriously – and in our most notable case, if the “man in the street” turned out to be the daughter of The Transport Minister, then many of the changes could be rushed through Parliament without any form of additional “consultation”.

He [Paul Turner] said although reverse parking did not carry a high crash risk it was still a “technical skill” that deserved a place in the driving test.

“We don’t believe it should be a matter of replacing things in the test,” Mr Turner said.

At least someone has a sensible outlook.

One final comment in the story. The article says:

Statistics released by Transport and Main Roads show pass rates for driving tests in Queensland averaged 64 per cent last year. The rate has remained virtually unchanged despite the introduction in 2007 of the 100-hour logbook system for learners.

How would the logbook system change pass rates? And especially so when you already have a very high figure of two-thirds passing!

What it would do is affect the number of people taking the test (if they actually used it), or perhaps the number having accidents in the first few years following their tests (if it worked as intended). The percentage of people taking tests may well have changed as a result, but why should it have anything but a minor impact on the already high actual pass rate? All people do, more or less, is turn up for test now with a bit of paper they didn’t have before – it’s getting the paper which is the new bit.

Lane Discipline And Non-UK Learners

This is an interesting story in the Hindustan Times about lane discipline.An Indian road

One of my biggest headaches as a driving instructor is that some pupils have real problems with lane discipline. Indeed, in the course of any normal day, my own observations confirm that a huge number of supposedly competent drivers have the same problems, too.

Only the other day I had a pupil fail her test for crossing into the path of another car on a roundabout (drifting into the right hand lane). It was on what is known as the Virgin Roundabout and it’s on several of the Colwick test routes. In the debrief the examiner told her that she’d done it both going out and coming back, and on the second occasion there was a car just behind her who had to brake. She only got three faults in total.

This particular pupil is from India, and she has a full licence from there. She has done a lot of driving in her home city.

Among her “habits” that I’d had to address – apart from a total lack of awareness of road markings in some situations – was the knee-jerk reaction to literally anything she could see moving as we approached minor roads or from the left on roundabouts. When I first started teaching her, she’d happily stop dead in the middle of a roundabout if she saw anyone approaching on her left. She’d do the same if anyone approached a give way line at the end of a minor road as she was passing it. We’d addressed this, but in times of stress she could easily revert without thinking. That’s the trouble with bad habits – they can come back.

I’ve got another pupil who holds a full Sri Lankan licence. He will slam on the brakes when we’re on any roundabout if he detects an approaching vehicle on any entry road. He has no concept of “staying in lane”. He’s an older guy, and breaking this habit is very slow going.Bikes, motorbikes, ox-carts, rickshaws, etc.

These two are not isolated cases. Over the years I have noticed that people who have experience driving in India – particularly in big cities – often exhibit the same weaknesses.

In talking with them (and having driven in Pakistan myself) it is understandable why they have trouble. In many countries it is a free-for-all, where giving way anywhere simply doesn’t exist as a rule of the road. Certainly when I was in Pakistan, people just piled into roundabouts, hands pumping their car horns, and meandered their way around all the other traffic to forge a path in the direction they wanted. Lanes simply did not exist in their minds on roundabouts. And it was similar at junctions – people were liable to just emerge, so everyone was always on their guard.

In a way it was quite elegant. There were no accidents – well, certainly not as many as you’d expect from such behaviour, though I’m sure that bumps and scrapes must have been quite common. But it explains why drivers from overseas react the way they do when they drive in the UK. They’re reacting to what could happen based on their experiences at home.

The story in the Hindustan Times implies that lane discipline was officially non-existent – and I mean that was the way you were supposed to drive – until the recent change in the Law. The article says that “lane-driving” has been introduced “on a trial basis”:

DSP (traffic) Vijay Kumar said, “Even a fortnight after the introduction of lane-driving on Jan Marg on a trial basis, motorists are not following the guidelines. The concept can never be a success till motorists support the police endeavour and follow rules diligently.”

Lane-driving basically requires earmarking a given road for different categories of traffic, including emergency and heavy vehicles, normal and slow-moving vehicles.

This further quote clearly suggests that the concept of using left and right hand lanes for turning left and right was not the usual method for drivers over there:

Vijay Kumar said, “When you reach 50 to 100 metres from an intersection or rotary, the central lane is to be used for going straight, and left and right lane for turning left and right, respectively. The driver can switch indicator for right and left movement and turn accordingly.”

India has various other modes of transport, such as rickshaws and animal-drawn carts, which are not often seen in the West, and much of this new lane emphasis is designed to make it safer for those road users.

Roundabouts and lane discipline can be a problem for any learner, of course.

What is meant by “lane discipline”?

It means choosing the correct lane at the appropriate time and – to a certain extent – staying in that lane.

If road markings or road signs indicate which lanes to use to head off in certain directions and you wait until the last moment to change, then you are guilty of poor lane discipline. If you straddle lanes or wander out of your own lane then you are also guilty. You could also be marked for poor planning, normal driving position, observation/safety (if you don’t realise you’re doing it), response to traffic signs/markings, and so on.